Talking about the details of electric vehicle charging piles

China [CN]

What is the basic principle of charging pile? In fact, the AC power pile only inputs the mains power (220VAC or 380VAC) into the electric vehicle through the adapter, then converts the AC power into DC power, and charges the battery through the car charger. The DC charging pile converts the mains AC power into DC power, and then adjusts the output voltage and output current to the power battery on the vehicle through real-time communication with the BMS on the vehicle.

First of all, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles? Fuel vehicles are mainly powered by adding fuel to the engine and gearbox, which is well known to the public; electric vehicles are mainly driven by DC motors and battery packs, and the other principles are basically the same.

How long does it take to charge an average car? Take a taxi as an example: the capacity of the battery pack is 80kW/H, and the power of the charging pile is 120kw. In the mode of using two guns at the same time, the single gun is 60kW----80kw. H÷60kW = about 1 hour and 20 minutes; single gun mode 120kw output ----- 80kw. H ÷ 120kw = about 45 minutes.

In addition, the DC charging pile is mainly composed of modules, main control boards, communication boards, man-machine interfaces, charging guns, billing systems, air switches, lightning protection, discharge resistors, insulation detection, etc. For social transport vehicles, the approximate driving distance of electric vehicles is 30-90KW, h, and the endurance is 200-500km; (passenger car) has a load of 60-240kw/h, and the endurance is 100-200km. Of course, the greater the power of the charging pile, the faster the charging speed. For example, the battery pack capacity of a car is 60kW/H, the charging time of an 80kW charging pile is about 1 hour, and the charging time of a 120kW charging pile is about 0.8 hours.

Strictly speaking, the charging speed is determined by the performance of the battery. The battery itself does not reject the external charging current and has no control capability. However, charging with a high current will generate a lot of heat for the battery, which will be damaged if it cannot be dissipated in time. Therefore, the BMS system will increase the real-time effective control and limitation of charging power and current to achieve the best state. When the charging power is too large and exceeds the limit value controlled by the BMS, any higher charging power will be invalid.

So, how many charging ports does a pure electric vehicle have? Generally, a hybrid passenger car has only one AC charging port; a pure electric passenger car has two charging ports, one is an AC interface (connected to an AC pile), and the other is a DC interface (connected to a DC pile); the bus is only a DC interface. Since the maximum current of a single DC charging gun is 250A, a bus with a large capacity battery pack will have multiple DC charging ports.

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