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Boric acid is soluble in boiling water. When heated above 170 °C, it dehydrates, forming metaboric acid HBO2. Metaboric acid is a white, cubic crystalline solid and is only slightly soluble in water. Boric acid melts at about 236 °C, and when heated above about 300 °C further dehydrates, forming tetraboric acid or pyroboric acid, H2B4O7. The term boric acid may sometimes refer to any of these compounds. Further heating leads to boron trioxide.
Boric acid does not dissociate in aqueous solution, but is acidic due to its interaction with water molecules to form the tetrahydroxyborate ion:
B(OH)3 + H2O B(OH)−4 + H+ (Ka = 5.8x10−10 mol/l; pKa = 9.24)
Polyborate anions are formed at pH 7–10 if the boron concentration is higher than about 0.025 mol/L. The best known of these is the tetraborate ion, found in the mineral borax:
4 B(OH)−4 + 2 H+ ⇌ B4O2−7 + 9 H2O
Boric acid makes an important contribution to the absorption of low frequency sound in seawater.[2]
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