Cellulose is a high-polysaccharides made of glucopyranose by β-1, 4-glycosidic bond. Cellulase system consists of three major components: 橋本愛Endoglucanases (endo-1,4-β-D-glucanases; C1; EG, EC 3.2.1.4), cellobiohydrolases (exo-1,4-β-D-glucanases; CX; CBH, EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidases (1,4-β-D-glucosidase; βG; BGL, EC 3.2.1.21). EG acts on insoluble cellulose surface, breaks internal bonds to disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose and expose individual cellulose polysaccharide chains, and makes cellulose chains hydration easily. CBH cleaves 2-4 units from the ends of the exposed chains produced by EG, resulting in the tetrasaccharides or disaccharide such as cellobiose. βG hydrolyses the CBH product into individual monosaccharides. Through the reasonable combination and allocation of above enzyme system, cellulose can be efficiently degraded in varying degrees.
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